When we normally think of solar cells, they are usually installed on a flat glass surface and backed by a panel which is at least several inches thick. But new materials breakthroughs are allowing significant advancements in thin-film solar cells. These solar cells look closer to 2D rather than a 3D technology.
According to solar industry watchers, current thin-film solar cells provide an average efficiency of 7%-13% with the efficiency expected to climb as the technology improves. The thin-film materials contain laser-edged electrodes that significantly boost the storage capacity of solar cells by up to 300%. A recent report from Nature Energy highlighted a Japanese company, Kaneka Corporation, that has developed a solar cell with a record-taking 26% efficiency using thin-film heterojunction (HJ) silicon layering.
According to 3DSun, traditional photovoltaic solar cells are made using monocrystalline (15%-20% efficiency) and polycrystalline (13%-16^ efficiency) while thin-film solar cells are made from materials including “amorphous silicon, cadmium telluride, and copper indium gallium selenide.”
There is a lot of innovation occurring in the thin-film solar cell market where a US patent was recently awarded to Ecoark Holdings for its thin-film lightweight high-efficiency solar cell technologies that are created using flexible substrates.
According to research reports, the global market for CIGS (copper, indium, gallium, selenide) used in thin-film solar cells to convert the sun into electrical energy is expected to reach $10 billion by 2020.
The following video explains the future of solar cells and the current state of the development of thin-film solar cells.
Via: Tech Steel
