A recent study has shed light on the remarkable adaptability of city microbes, revealing their ability to thrive in environments previously thought inhospitable. Researchers discovered that these tiny organisms have evolved to utilize disinfectants as a source of energy, challenging our assumptions about the effectiveness of these cleaning agents.
Microbial Adaptations
The study found that city microbes can break down the chemical components of disinfectants, extracting nutrients that allow them to grow and reproduce. This surprising adaptation raises concerns about the long-term effectiveness of excessive disinfectant use in urban environments. As these microbes become increasingly resistant to disinfectants, the potential for the emergence of more harmful strains also increases.
Researchers collected 738 samples from various built environments in Hong Kong, including subways and public facilities, and analyzed them using shotgun metagenomic sequencing. They identified 363 previously unknown microbial strains on human skin and in the environment, some of which possess genes that enable them to metabolize urban manufactured products for energy. Among these was a strain of Candidatus phylum Eremiobacterota, previously found only in Antarctic desert soil.
Consequences of Overuse
While disinfectants are essential for maintaining public health, their overuse can have unintended consequences. By creating overly sanitized environments, we may inadvertently select for microbes that are resistant to traditional cleaning methods. This could lead to a cycle of increased disinfectant use and the development of even more resilient microbial strains.
Dr. Xinzhao Tong, the lead author of the study, stated, “The issue of their adaptation to our behavior becomes particularly critical in clinical settings, where hospitals serve as hotspots for diverse pathogens that cause hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). HAIs pose a significant threat, particularly in intensive care units where mortality rates can reach up to 30%.”
The team is studying how pathogenic microbes transmit and develop resistance in intensive care units with strict disinfection practices. Their goal is to improve infection control and enhance safety for healthcare workers and patients.
